Vital root resection in maxillary molar teeth: a longitudinal study.

Root resections were performed on 86 maxillary molars as part of periodontal therapy. The amputation sites were sealed with Dycal and amalgam. The teeth were evaluated for vitality using electric pulp testing and cold (ice) up to 9 yr postoperatively. The greatest loss of vitality occurred within 12 months. The percentage of vital teeth at 6 months was 59% and at 12 months 38%. The number of vital teeth continued to decline until only 13% tested vital at 5 yr. The long-term prognosis for a vital root resection is poor; therefore, endodontic therapy prior to resection is preferable.